Practice Final

I. Identifications. 

Explain the meaning and significance of 12 of the 15 following items (4 points each).Each answer should be a brief paragraph. 

What is fair game for an identification?

• Items that we have discussed in class or on the blog;
• Items that appear in bold or italics in the readings, or are in the glossary or key terms lists in Lowi;
• Items that cover several pages in the readings.

1. Iron Triangle
2. Majority faction
3. Latinx
4. "Shadow machines"
5. Civil religion
6. National Economic Council
7. PAC
8. Party identification
9. Socialization
10. Amicus curiae
11. The House Bank
12. Exclusionary rule
13. Unfunded mandate
14. Expressed powers
15. Descriptive representation

II. Short answers. 

Answer 3 of 5 (6 points each). Each answer should be a brief paragraph.

1. Briefly explain: “I go further, and affirm that bills of rights, in the sense and to the extent in which they are contended for, are not only unnecessary in the proposed Constitution, but would even be dangerous.”
2. Briefly explain: “Our written laws are often hard to understand, but everyone can read them, whereas nothing could be more obscure and out of research of the common man than a law founded on precedent.”
3. Briefly explain: "The Constitution, it is true, secured every essential guarantee to the institution while it should last, and hence no argument can be justly urged against the constitutional guarantees thus secured, because of the common sentiment of the day. Those ideas, however, were fundamentally wrong. They rested upon the assumption of the equality of races. This was an error."
4. Did the Framers believe in "republics" but disdain democracy?
5. How did the structure of local government hinder the response to the Eaton and Palisades fires?

III.  General Essays. 

Answer 2 of 3 (17 points each). Each answer should take 3-4 small bluebook pages.

1. How would Tocqueville explain why a case such as Edwards v. Aguillard came to the Supreme Court?
2. Explain the major ways in which Congress can check the president. Do they still work?
3. See this article. Why did the witness invoke Madison and Hamilton? What would supporters and opponents of the president say to these Founders? https://www.foxnews.com/politics/impeachment-witness-tells-lawmakers-to-consider-having-to-answer-to-hamilton-and-madison-in-the-afterlife 

IV. Bonus questions (one point each) Very briefly identify the following:

• Scott Bessent
• Beryl Howell
• James Clyburn
• Ryan Iwasaka
• Kari Lake